| Bridge Management Systems
Part 2. Literature Search
Prepared by Edward Czepiel, Northwestern University, BIRL Industrial Research Laboratory and Renée McHenry, Infrastructure Librarian, Northwestern University Library
Published originally as part of ITI technical report no. 11 (March 1995).
Asterisked items indicate items recently added to original report.
The 1996 update is now available.
General System
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. 1993. Guidelines for bridge management systems. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
*Aylon, N. 1993. Bridge management systems in the information era. In 1993 TAC Annual Conference Proceedings, Ottawa, Ontario
, B73-B90, vol. 2. Ottawa, Ontario: TAC.
Bridge management system detects fatigue cracks. 1992. Better Roads 62 (9):24- 25.
Cesare, M. J. C. Santamaria, C. J. Turkstra, E. Vanmarcke. 1994. Risk-based bridge management: optimization and inspection scheduling. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering
, 21 (6):897-902.
*Chase, Steven B. 1995. Research needs for bridge management. In Restructuring-- America and beyond: proceedings of Structures Congress XIII, Boston, MA, April 2-5, 1995, ed. M. Sanayei, 670-671, vol. 1. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
Engineering Foundation. 1990. Managing America's aging bridge system: issues and directions: Sheraton Palm Coast, Palm Coast, Florida, November 11-15, 1989: proceedings. New York, NY: United Engineering Trustees, Inc.
Glagola, D. M. and W. T. Scherer. 1992. Development of a bridge performance prediction model as a rational basis for a structures management system. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia, Department of Civil Engineering.
Gordon, S. and D. O'Connor. 1992. Bridge management, evaluation, and rehabilitation: a survey of current practice. In Bridge rehabilitation: proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Bridge Rehabilitation, June 14-17, 1992, ed. G. Konig, and A. S. Nowak, 79-88. Berlin: Ernst & Sohn.
Gralund, M. S. and J. A. Puckett. 1993. Bridge management at the local government level. Laramie, WY: Mountain-Plains Consortium.
Grivas, D. A. and B. C. Schultz. 1994. Integration of pavement and bridge management systems: a case study. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Managing Pavements, 22-28, vol. 1. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Hearn, G. and D. M. Frangopol, and M. Chakravorty. 1994. Structures Congress XII: proceedings of papers presented at the Structures Congress '94, Atlanta, GA, April 24-28, 1994, 290-295. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
*Hearn, G. 1995. Structural engineering applications in bridge management systems. In Restructuring--America and beyond: proceedings of Structures Congress XIII, Boston, MA, April 2-5, 1995, ed. M. Sanayei, 672-673, vol. 1. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
Hudson, R. W., R. F. Carmichael, S. W. Hudson, M. A. Diaz, and L. O. Moser. 1993. Microcomputer bridge management system. Journal of Transportation Engineering 119 (1):59-76.
Hulsey, J. L., P. A. Koushki, and L. Raad. 1992. Revisiting management information systems for the allocation of funds for highway activities/projects/maintenance. Seattle, WA: Transportation Northwest (TransNow), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Washington.
Ismart, D. 1994. State management systems: overview of ISTEA requirements and current implementation. TRNews 173:2,4.
James, R. W., G. Stukhart, A. Garcia-Diaz, R. Bligh, and J. Sobanjo. 1991. Analytical approach to the development of a bridge management system. Transportation Research Record 1290:157-170.
Kaderbek, S. L. 1994. What a bridge management system can do for a large city. Transportation Research Circular 423:116-119.
Kuennen, T. 1993 Conference spotlights newest bridge management systems. Roads and Bridges 31 (11):30.
Kurt, C. E. 1988. Bridge management system software for local governments. Transportation Research Record 1184:50-55.
Kurt, C. E. 1990. Microcomputer aided management system. In Microcomputer applications in transportation III: proceedings of the International Conference on Microcomputers in Transportation, ed. K. S. Opiela, 805-816, vol. 2. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
O'Connor, D. and R. Drumm. 1994. Bridge management systems: advancing the science. TRNews 173:17-21.
Purvis, R. L. and H. P. Koretzky. 1988. Bridge safety inspection quality assurance -- Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. Transportation Research Record 1184:10-21.
*Romack, George P. 1995. Bridge management systems. In Restructuring--America and beyond: proceedings of Structures Congress XIII, Boston, MA, April 2-5,1995, ed. J. Sanayei, 680-681, vol. 1. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
Saito, M. and K. C. Sinha. 1987. Review of current practices of bridge management at the state level. Transportation Research Record 1113:1-8.
Shirole, A. M. 1994. Bridge management to the year 2000 and beyond. Transportation Research Circular 423:150-153.
Shirole, A. M., W. J. Winkler, and J. J. Hill. 1991. Bridge management systems -- state of the art. Transportation Research Record 1290:149-156.
Shirole, A. M., W. J. Winkler, and M. W. Fitzpatrick. 1994. Bridge management decision support. Transportation Research Circular 423:27-34.
Transportation Research Board. 1994. Characteristics of bridge management systems: presentations from the 7th Conference on Bridge Management, Austin, Texas, September 15-17, 1993. Transportation Research Circular 423:1-160.
U.S. Congress House Committee on Public Works and Transportation. 1989. The status of the nation's highways and bridges: conditions and performance: report of the Secretary of Transportation to the United States Congress, pursuant to sections 307(e) and 144(i) of Title 23, United States Code. Washington, DC: U.S. G.P.O.
Wells, D. T., W. T. Scherer, and J. P. Gomez. 1993. State of the art of bridge management system. In Infrastructure planning and management: proceedings of two parallel conferences, June 21-23, 1993, Denver, Colorado, ed. J. L. Gifford, D. R. Uzarski, and S. MacNeil, 182-186. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
Zuk, W. and J. Newbrough. 1991. An expert system as applied to bridges: testing phase. Charlottesville, VA: Virginia Transportation Research Council.
Zuk, W. 1991. Expert system for determining the disposition of older bridges. Transportation Research Record 1290:145-148.
Modelling
*Arockiasamy, M. 1994. Knowledge based expert system for rating Florida Briges. Final Report. vol. 2. 115p.
Al-Subhi, K. M., D. W. Johnston, and F. Farid. 1990. Opbridge: an integrated bridge budget forecasting and allocation module at the state level. Transportation Research Record 1268:95-109.
Arockiasamy, M., M. Sawka, V. Sinha, and M. El Shahawy. 1993. Knowledge-based expert system approach to analysis and rating of Florida bridges. In Bridge management 2: inspection, maintenance assessment and repair, ed. J. E. Harding, G. A. R. Parke, and M. J. Ryall, 458-464. London: T. Telford.
Cesare, M., J. C. Santamarina, C. J. Turkstra, and E. Vanmarcke. 1993. Risk-based bridge management. Journal of Transportation Engineering 119 (5):742-750.
Ghosn, M. and F. Moses. 1991. Reliability and load modeling for bridge management. Transportation Research Record 1290:176-184.
Harper, W. V. and K. Majidzadeh. 1991. Optimization enhancements for an integrated bridge management system. Transportation Research Record 1304:87-93.
Harper, W. V. and K. Majidzadeh. 1993. Integrated pavement and bridge management optimization. Transportation Research Record 1397:83-89.
Harper, W. V., A. Al-Salloum, S. Al-Sayyari, S. Al-Theneyan, J. Lam, and C. Helm. 1990. Selection of ideal maintenance strategies in a network-level bridge management system. Transportation Research Record 1268:59-67.
Harper, W. V., J. Lam, A. Al-Salloum, S. Al-Sayyari, S. Al-Theneyan, G. Ilves, and K. Majidzadeh. 1990. Stochastic optimization subsystem of a network-level bridge management system. Transportation Research Record 1268:68-74.
Hopwood, T. and V. G. Oka. 1989. Development of a priority ranking system for bridge rehabilitation or replacement. Frankfort, KY: University of Kentucky, College of Engineering.
Jiang, Y., M. Saito, and K. C. Sinha. 1988. Bridge performance prediction model using the Markov chain. Transportation Research Record 1180:25-32.
Johnston, D. W., C. Chen, and I. Abed-Al-Rahim. 1994. Developing user costs for bridge management systems. Transportation Research Circular 423:139-149.
Kleywegt, A. J. and K. C. Sinha. 1994. Tools for bridge management data analysis. Transportation Research Circular 423:16-26.
McGhee, K. K., G. R. Allen, and W. T. McKeel, Jr. 1993. Development of performance and deterioration curves as a rational basis for a maintenance management system for structures. Charlottesville, VA: Virginia Transportation Research Council.
Rewinski, S. 1991. Fuzzy algorithm in bridge and pavement management systems. In Artificial intelligence and civil engineering, ed. B. H. V. Topping, 77-81. Edinburgh: Civil-Comp Ltd.
Saito, M. and K. C. Sinha. 1991. Delphi study on bridge condition rating and effects of improvements. Journal of Transportation Engineering 117 (3):320-334.
Saito, M., K. C. Sinha, and V. L. Anderson. 1988. Bridge replacement cost analysis. Transportation Research Record 1180:19-24.
Sanders, D. H. and Y. J. Zhang. 1994. Bridge deterioration models for states with small bridge inventories. Transportation Research Record 1442:101-109.
Scherer, W. T. and D. M. Glagola. 1993. Overview of Markovian models for bridge management systems. In Infrastructure planning and management: proceedings of two parallel conferences, June 21-23, 1993, Denver, Colorado, ed. J. L. Gifford, D. R. Uzarski, and S. MacNeil, 382-386. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
Scherer, W. T. and D. M. Glagola. 1994. Markovian models for bridge maintenance management. Journal of Transportation Engineering 120 (1):37-51.
Soderqvist, M. K. and M. Veijola. 1993. BMS modelling of bridge stock performance. In Proceedings, Pacific Rim TransTech Conference, July 25-28, 1993, Washington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washington, USA, ed. W. P. Carr, 131-137, vol. 2. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
Tee, A. B., M. D. Bowman, and K. C. Sinha. 1988. Fuzzy mathematical approach for bridge condition evaluation. Civil Engineering Systems 5 (1):17-24.
Vanmarcke, E., C. Turkstra, and C. Santamarina. 1991. Infrastructure risk management: prioritizing bridges for maintenance and rehabilitation. [New York, NY: Department of Transportation, University Centers Program].
Wang, T. 1984. Computer rating system for bridge rating and fatigue life analysis. Miami, FL: Florida International University, Department of Civil Engineering.
Weissmann, J., W. R. Hudson, N. H. Burns, and R. Harrison. 1989. A bridge management system module for the selection of rehabilitation and replacement projects. Austin, TX: Center for Transportation Research, Bureau of Engineering Research, The University of Texas at Austin.
Weissmann, J., R. Harrison, N. H. Burns, and W. R. Hudson. 1990. Selecting rehabilitation and replacement bridge projects. In Extending the life of bridges, ed. G. W. Maupin, B. C. Brown, and A. G. Lichtenstein, 3-18. Philadelphia, PA: American Society of Testing and Materials.
Yanev, B. S. 1994. User costs in a bridge management system. Transportation Research Circular 423:130-138.
Yi, J. and K. C. Sinha. 1989. Dynamic optimization model for bridge management systems. Transportation Research Record 1211:92-100.
Yi, J., M. Saito, and K. C. Sinha. 1988. Bridge performance prediction model using the Markov chain. Transportation Research Record 1180:25-32.
Data Requirements
Abed-Al-Rahim, I. J. and D. W. Johnston. 1993. Estimating bridge-related traffic accident rates and costs. Transportation Research Record 1392:99-106.
Fairbanks, A. K. and S. T. LaMonica. 1991. Bridge management: managing the data. In Proceedings of the 1991 Geographic Information Systems for Transportation (GIS-T) Symposium, Orlando, FL, ed. D. D. Moyer and B.L. Larsen, 149-153. Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
Hearn, G., D. M. Frangopol, M. Chakravorty, S. Meyers, B. Pinkerton, and J. A. Siccardi. 1993. Automated generation of NBI reporting fields from Pontis BMS database. In Infrastructure planning and management: proceedings of two parallel conferences, June 21-23, 1993, Denver, Colorado, ed. J. L. Gifford, D. R. Uzarski, and S. MacNeil, 226-230. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
Hearn, G., D. M. Frangopol, B. Pinkerton. 1994. NBI condition ratings from BMS data. Transportation Research Circular 423:122-129.
Murphy, P. B. 1994. County bridge management requirements. Transportation Research Circular 423:120-121.
National Cooperative Highway Research Program. 1992. Data interchange standards for bridge management systems and integrated highway information systems. NCHRP Research Results Digest 186:18.
Saito, M. and K. C. Sinha. 1990. Data collection and analysis of bridge rehabilitation and maintenance costs. Transportation Research Record 1276:72-75.
Turner, D. S. and J. A. Richardson. 1994. Bridge management system data needs and data collection. Transportation Research Circular 423:5-15.
Wells, D. T. 1994. Environmental classification scheme for PONTIS. Charlottesville, VA: Virginia Transportation Research Council.
Zamborsky, W. E. and S. McNeil. 1993. Level of service in bridge management systems. In Proceedings, Pacific Rim TransTech Conference, July 25-28, 1993, Washington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washington, USA, ed. W. P. Carr, 138-144, vol. 2. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
Specific Bridge Management Systems
BRIDGIT
Lipkus, S. E. 1993. NCHRP project 12-28(2)A: bridge management system software. In Computing and building engineering: proceedings of the Fifth International Conference (V-ICCCBE), Anaheim, California, June 7-9, 1993, ed. L. F. Cohn, 1049-1056. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
Lipkus, S. E. 1994. Bridgit bridge management system software. Transportation Research Circular 423:43-54.
PONTIS
Thompson, P. D. 1993. Pontis bridge management system. In Proceedings, Pacific Rim TransTech Conference, July 25-28, 1993, Washington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washington, USA, ed. W. P. Carr, 500-506, vol. 2. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
*Optima, Inc.Pontis version 2.0: a network optimization system for bridge improvements and maintenance, 3 v. San Francisco, CA: Optima, Inc. and Cambridge, MA: Cambridge Systemsatics, Inc.
Thompson, P. D. 1993. Pontis: the maturing of bridge management systems in the USA. In Bridge management 2: inspection, maintenance assessment and repair, ed. J. E. Harding, G. A. R. Parke, and M. J. Ryall, 971-978. London: T. Telford.
Thompson, P. D. and R. W. Shepard. 1994. Pontis. Transportation Research Circular 423:35-42.
Thompson, P. D., R. W. Shepard, and I. A. Al-Rahim. 1993. Bridge management system implementation at CALTRANS. In Computing and building engineering: proceedings of the Fifth International Conference (V-ICCCBE), Anaheim, California, June 7-9, 1993, ed. L. F. Cohn, 1057-1064. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
State/International Bridge Management Systems
Alabama
Green, S. G. and J. A. Richardson. 1994. Development of a bridge management system in Alabama. Transportation Research Circular 423:72-80.
Connecticut
Lauzon, R. G. and J. M. Sime. 1994. Connecticut's bridge management information system. Transportation Research Circular 423:81-86.
Indiana
Gion, L. C., J. Gough, K. C. Sinha, and R. E. Woods. 1993. Implementation of the Indiana bridge management system. In Infrastructure planning and management: proceedings of two parallel conferences, June 21-23, 1993, Denver, Colorado, ed. J. L. Gifford, D. R. Uzarski, and S. MacNeil, 531-539. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
Gion, L. C., J. Gough, K. C. Sinha, R. E. Woods. 1993. User's manual for the implementation of the Indiana bridge management system. Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, Joint Highway Research Project.
Purdue University. Development of optimal strategies for maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement of highway bridges. Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, Joint Highway Research Project.
Sinha, K. C, M. Saito, Y. Jiang, S. Murthy, A. B. Tee, and M. D. Bowman. 1991. Volume 1: The elements of the Indiana bridge management system-- IBMS (revised) + executive summary (revised)
Tee, A. B., M. D. Bowman, and K. C. Sinha. 1990. Volume 2. A system for bridge structural condition assessment (revised) + executive summary (revised)
Murthy, S. and K. C. Sinha. 1990. Volume 3. Bridge traffic safety evaluation (revised) + executive summary (revised)
Saito, M. and K. C. Sinha. 1990. Volume 4. Cost analysis (revised) + executive summary (revised)
Saito, M. and K. C. Sinha. 1990. Volume 5. Priority ranking method (revised) + executive summary (revised)
Jiang, Y. and K. C. Sinha. 1990. Volume 6. Performance analysis and optimization (revised) + executive summary (revised)
Sinha, K. C. et al. 1990. Emerging methodologies for bridge management systems. In Bridge evaluation, repair and rehabilitation: proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Baltimore, Maryland, April 30-May 2, 1990, ed. A. S. Nowak, 23-39. Dordrecht ; Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Woods, R. E. 1994. Indiana's approach to a bridge management system. Transportation Research Circular 423:87-96.
Iowa
Fanous, F. and L. F. Greimann. 1990. Bridge management system for the states of Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri, year 1. Ames, IA: Midwest Transportation Center, Iowa State University.
Fanous, F., L. F. Greimann, D. Petermeier, and Z. Yuan. 1991. Essential parameters for an Iowa bridge management system. Ames, IA: Midwest Transportation Center, Iowa State University.
*Iowa Dept. of Transportation. 1995. Iowa's Transportation Management Systems work plans, 111p.
New York
*Grivas, D. A., Schultz, B. C. 1994. Integration of pavement and bridge management systems: a case study. In Conference Proceedings 1
, 22-28, vol. 1.
Grivas, D. A., B. C. Schultz, D. J. Elwell, and A. E. Dalto. 1994. Span-based network characterization for bridge management. Transportation Research Record 1442:123-127.
North Carolina
Abed-Al-Rahim, J. and D. W. Johnston. 1991. Analysis of relationships affecting bridge deterioration and improvement. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University.
Farid, F., D. W. Johnston, C. J. Chen, M. A. Laverde, and B. S. Rihani. 1993. Benefit-cost analysis for optimal budget allocation to bridges. In Computing and building engineering: proceedings of the Fifth International Conference (V-ICCCBE), Anaheim, California, June 7-9, 1993, ed. L. F. Cohn, 1042-1048. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
Farid, F., D. W. Johnston, M. A. Laverde, and C. Chen. 1994. Application of incremental benefit-cost analysis for optimal budget allocation to maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement of bridges. Transportation Research Record 1442:88-100.
Farid, F., D. W. Johnston, B. S. Rihani, and C. Chen. 1994. Feasibility of incremental benefit-cost analysis for optimal budget allocation in bridge management systems. Transportation Research Record 1442:77-87.
Isa Al-Subhi, K. M., D. W. Johnston, and F. Farid. 1989. Optimizing system-level bridge maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement decisions. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University, Department of Civil Engineering.
Johnston, D. W. 1988. Bridge management developments. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University, Department of Civil Engineering.
Johnston, D. W. and J. D. Lee. 1994. Analysis of bridge management data in North Carolina. Transportation Research Circular 423:97-109.
Strong, P. 1993. Bridge maintenance level of service optimization. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina University, Department of Civil Engineering.
Pennsylvania
Arner, R. C. et al. 1985. The Pennsylvania bridge management system: interim report. Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Bridge and Roadway Technology.
Arner, R. C., J. M. Kruegler, H. M. Lathia, R. M. McClure, and J. J. Mesaric. 1987. The Pennsylvania bridge management system: final report. Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Bridge and Roadway Technology.
Arner, R. C., J. M. Kruegler, R. M. McClure, and K. R. Patel. 1986. Pennsylvania bridge maintenance management system. Transportation Research Record 1083:25- 34.
Oravec. J. D. 1994. PennDOT's bridge management decision support process. Transportation Research Circular 423:110-115.
VanHorn, D. A. 1987. Commentary on the Pennsylvania bridge management system. Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Bridge and Roadway Technology.
South Carolina
Ruinen, F. A. and L. Bell. 1993. Bridge management system - phase I. Clemson, SC: Clemson University, Department of Civil Engineering.
Texas
Hudson, S. W., R. F. Carmichael, L. O. Moser, W. R. Hudson, and W. J. Wilkes. 1987. Bridge management systems. Austin, TX: ARE, Inc.
Stukhart, G. 1991. Bridge management system for Texas. In 1991 Transactions of the American Association of Cost Engineers, 0.3.1-0.3.8. Morgantown, WV: The Association.
Stukhart, G., R. W. James, A. Garcia-Diaz, R. P. Bligh, and J. Sobanjo. 1991. Study for a comprehensive bridge management system for Texas (revised). College Station, TX. Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University.
Weissmann, J., N. H. Burns, and W. R. Hudson. 1991. Operating the Texas eligible bridge selection system (TEBSS). Austin, TX: University of Texas at Austin, Center for Transportation Research.
Weissmann, J., W. R. Hudson, N. H. Burns, and R. Harrison. 1989. A bridge management system module for the selection of rehabilitation and replacement projects. Austin, TX: University of Texas at Austin, Center for Transportation Research.
Virginia
McGhee, K. K., G. R. Allen, and W. T. McKeel Jr. 1993. Development of performance and deterioration curves as a rational basis for a maintenance management system for structures. Charlottesville, VA: Virginia Transportation Research Council.
Washington (State)
Babaei, K. 1988. Development of a bridge deck management system for Washington State Department of Transportation. Seattle, WA: Washington State Transportation Center (TRAC).
Reed, D. A. and J. Wang. 1993. An emergency response plan for bridge management. Seattle, WA: Washington State Transportation Center (TRAC).
International
*Alambai, S and Pawenang, H. 1994. Strategy for bridge rehabilitation and replacement. In Bridges--essential to our economy; proceedings of the Austroads Bridges Conference, Melbourne, Australia, February 16-18, 1994, 49.1-13, vol. 2. New South Wales, Australia: Austroads.
Andersen, N. H. and J. Lauridsen. 1994. Unique characteristics of Denmark's bridge management system. Transportation Research Circular 423:55-61.
Bach, P. E. and A. B. Sorensen. 1993. Bridge management system implemented in Thailand. In Proceedings, Pacific Rim TransTech Conference, July 25-28, 1993, Washington State Convention Center, Seattle, Washington, USA, ed. W. P. Carr, 159-163, vol. 2. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
Blakelock, R. 1993. Experience in the development of a computerized bridge management system and of its use in a number of authorities in the UK and overseas. In Bridge management 2: inspection, maintenance assessment and repair, ed. J. E. Harding, G. A. R. Parke, and M. J. Ryall, 880-888. London: T. Telford.
de Brito, J. and F. A. Branco. 1994. Bridge management policy using cost analysis. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings 104 (4):431-439.
*Hartoft, L. Q. 1994. The state of concrete bridges in Denmark. New Zealand Concrete Construction, 18(5): 33-36.
*Mannisto, V. and Tapio, R. 1994. Infrastructure management system: case study of the Finnish National Road Administration. In Transportation Research Record
, 1455: 132-138.
Reel, R. S. and D. F. Conte. 1994. Project bridge management in Ontario. Transportation Research Circular 423:62-71.
Reich, Y. and S. J. Fenves, and E. Subrahmanian. 1994. Flexible extraction of practical knowledge from bridge databases. Computing in Civil Engineering 1:1014- 1021.
Soderqvist, M. K. and M. Veijola. 1993. The Finnish bridge management system. In Infrastructure planning and management: proceedings of two parallel conferences, June 21-23, 1993, Denver, Colorado, ed. J. L. Gifford, D. R. Uzarski, and S. MacNeil, 393-397. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers.
Subject index terms
- Bridge management
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